Overview

This bill aims to allow terminally ill adults in England and Wales to request assistance in ending their own lives, under strict safeguards and protections. It establishes a rigorous process involving multiple medical assessments, a period of reflection, and review by independent panels, ensuring the request is voluntary and informed.

Description

Eligibility

To be eligible, individuals must be terminally ill (with a prognosis of six months or less), aged 18 or older, ordinarily resident in England and Wales for at least a year, registered with a GP, and have capacity to make the decision. The bill defines terminal illness and capacity according to existing legislation.

Process

The process begins with a preliminary discussion with a doctor about the individual's diagnosis, prognosis, and available care options. A formal "first declaration" must then be made, witnessed by two individuals (including a coordinating doctor). This is followed by two independent medical assessments (a coordinating doctor and an independent doctor). If both doctors confirm eligibility, the case is referred to an Assisted Dying Review Panel for final determination. A "second declaration" is required following the panel's approval, allowing a further period for reflection before assistance is provided.

Safeguards

Numerous safeguards are built in, including mandatory training for participating medical professionals on topics such as capacity assessment, coercion, and reasonable adjustments for vulnerable groups. A Voluntary Assisted Dying Commissioner oversees the process, monitors compliance, and handles appeals. There's no obligation for any health professional to participate, and criminal and civil liability protections are in place for those who act in accordance with the law. Independent advocates are appointed to assist individuals who may require extra support.

Approved Substances

The Secretary of State will specify the permissible drugs or substances.

Government Spending

The bill will likely involve significant costs associated with the establishment and operation of the Voluntary Assisted Dying Commissioner's office, Assisted Dying Review Panels, training programs for healthcare professionals, and data collection/reporting requirements. Precise figures are not provided in the bill text.

Groups Affected

• Terminally ill adults: May be given the option of requesting assistance to end their lives, under strict conditions.
• Healthcare professionals: Will have a role in the assessment and provision of assistance (though they cannot be compelled to participate). They will require specific training and will face legal protections.
• Families and loved ones: May be involved in supporting the individual through the process, but they are not decision-makers.
• The Voluntary Assisted Dying Commissioner and Assisted Dying Review Panels: Will be responsible for overseeing and managing the process, including investigating potential abuses.
• Disabled people: The bill includes a Disability Advisory Board to monitor the impact of the legislation on those with disabilities and ensure their needs are addressed.

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